Groundwater and the political between the drops: Urban clean water shortage in Java, Indonesia

The big picture of water scarcity in Java, Indonesia provides ample graphs and dramatic pictures of decreasing water quality and trends of more frequent seasonal droughts. This concern has been severe enough for Java to be classified as a region of water shortage since the 1980s in the ‘Global Water Scarcity Atlas’
“We use a thief to catch a thief”

Around the world, there is growing interest in how governments can partner with informal water providers. In Kisumu, Kenya, the utility is twenty years into a partnership with former ‘water cartels’ to ensure clean water supply to the most vulnerable residents.
Consultancy Firms and Their Globetrotting Ideas

There has been much talk about how private players, in other words, businesses, can provide services, build infrastructure and support governments in putting public policies into action.